What is villain arc meaning?

In a story, a villain arc refers to the character development of the antagonist. Like the hero's journey, the villain also undergoes a transformation, and this arc shows how they go from one stage to the next. The villain arc can be as complex as the hero's journey, showing the villain's motivations and desires and how they came to be the way they are. It can also incorporate their backstory and the events that led them to oppose the hero. A well-crafted villain arc can create empathy for the antagonist and make the story more engaging for the reader or viewer. It can also provide a satisfying resolution when the villain either redeems themselves or meets their downfall.